Its range has extended from Java to Iceland. before 1600 it existed in Greek, Latin, Spanish, Italian, German, English, Old Slavonic, Czech, and perhaps other Slavonic languages. One version reached Europe in the 11th century. There is a version of Panchatantra in nearly every major language of India, and in addition there are 200 versions of the text in more than 50 languages around the world. It is "certainly the most frequently translated literary product of India", and these stories are among the most widely known in the world. It is classical literature in a Hindu text, and based on older oral traditions with "animal fables that are as old as we are able to imagine". The text's author has been attributed to Vishnu Sharma in some recensions and Vasubhaga in others, both of which may be pen names.
The surviving work is dated to roughly 200 BCE – 300 CE, based on older oral tradition. The Panchatantra ( IAST: Pañcatantra, ISO: Pañcatantra, Sanskrit: पञ्चतन्त्र, "Five Treatises") is an ancient Indian collection of interrelated animal fables in Sanskrit verse and prose, arranged within a frame story. A Panchatantra relief at the Mendut temple, Central Java, Indonesia
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